To understand the placement of Texas Hold’em poker among gambling games and the development of Skill Poker Index, it is essential to examine the definitions of game and sport.
The word “game” comes from the Latin iocus and embraces various meanings, from social games to individual, children’s, and gambling games. Another related term is ludic, which comes from the Latin ludus, synonymous with entertainment and leisure. Since the earliest prehistoric humans, the game has been an integral part of society, used for magical rituals and village entertainment. Over time, these rituals have evolved into the current forms of gambling [Tani and Ilari, 2016].

Classification of games and Texas Hold’em poker
Sociologist Roger Caillois developed a classification of games, identifying four categories: Agon, Alea, Mimicry, and Ilinx. Agon and Alea are considered fundamental, being opposite and complementary elements. Agon concerns games in which the outcome depends on the effort and skills of the participant, while Alea includes games in which the results are determined by chance. Caillois also identifies two common elements to all categories of games: Padia and Ludus, extremes of the same dimension. Padia refers to the light and fun aspects of the game, while Ludus requires more attention, commitment, and application for a positive outcome [Tani and Ilari, 2016].
Based on this classification, Caillois places gambling in the Alea category, citing card games as an example. Although Texas Hold’em poker requires a certain component of skill, luck still plays a decisive role in the outcome of the game. However, the introduction of the Skill Poker Index represents a step forward in regulating the discipline and distinguishing it from other gambling games.
Follow our publications on future developments of the SPI and their impact on live poker, and share your opinions with us too. Together we can shape the future of Texas Hold’em as an Olympic sport, even more competitive and skill-based.